With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: 1. The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers. 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate. 3. The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Answer: B. Statements 2 and 3 are correct; Statement 1 is wrong. Statement 1 is WRONG. The Dutch (VOC, Dutch East India Company) established factories on the east coast on lands granted by the GOLCONDA SULTANATE (Qutb Shahis), the NAYAKS of Madurai, and other south Indian rulers. Pulicat, Masulipatnam and other eastern factories were not on Gajapati lands. The GAJAPATI dynasty of Odisha had ended in 1542 with the death of Mukunda Deva, well before the Dutch consolidated their trade. So the Gajapati attribution is wrong. Statement 2 is CORRECT. AFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE, the Portuguese Viceroy, captured GOA from the BIJAPUR (Adil Shahi) SULTANATE in 1510. He defeated Sultan Yusuf Adil Shah's forces and established Goa as the capital of Portuguese India, which it remained until 1961. Statement 3 is CORRECT. The English East India Company obtained the right to establish a factory at MADRAS (Madraspatnam) in 1639 through Francis Day, who negotiated with DAMARLA VENKATAPATHY NAYAK, a representative of the Vijayanagara emperor (the Aravidu dynasty) and a Nayak of the Vandavasi region. Fort St. George was built there in 1640. Source: NCERT Class 12 Themes in Indian History Part II / colonial trade histories.