An IPv4 address is 32 bits long. Each of its four numbers can take any value from:

1. IPv4 is a 32 bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. 2. Splitting 32 bits into four parts gives 8 bits per part. 3. Each number is the decimal representation of an 8-bit binary number. 4. Eight bits span 2^8 = 256 values, counted from 0, so each can take any value from 0 to 255. 5. That is why 192.168.0.178 is valid but a part such as 300 would not be. _Source: NCERT Computer Science Class 12, Ch 10 'Computer Networks', S10.6.2 IP Address_