Consider the following organizations/ bodies in India: 1. The National Commission for Backward Classes 2. The National Human Rights Commission 3. The National Law Commission 4. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission How many of the above are constitutional bodies?

Answer: A. Only ONE of the four is a constitutional body — the National Commission for Backward Classes. Constitutional bodies are those created or whose status is conferred by the Constitution itself. (1) National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC): CONSTITUTIONAL BODY. The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act 2018 inserted Article 338B giving NCBC constitutional status (it was earlier a statutory body under the NCBC Act 1993). (2) National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): STATUTORY BODY. Established under the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, not the Constitution. (3) National Law Commission: NEITHER constitutional NOR statutory. It is an EXECUTIVE BODY constituted by government notification every few years. (4) National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC): STATUTORY BODY. Established under the Consumer Protection Act 1986 / 2019. So only NCBC is constitutional. Hence A. Source: Article 338B of Constitution / Protection of Human Rights Act / Consumer Protection Act.