Consider the following materials: 1. Agricultural residues 2. Corn grain 3. Wastewater treatment sludge 4. Wood mill waste Which of the above can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel?
A1 and 2 only
B3 and 4 only
C1, 2, 3 and 4
D1, 3 and 4 only
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: C. All four feedstocks can be used to produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).
Sustainable Aviation Fuel is a low-carbon jet fuel produced from non-petroleum feedstocks via certified pathways (HEFA, ATJ, FT, etc.) approved by ASTM D7566 standard. All four listed feedstocks are valid:
(1) Agricultural residues (straw, husk, bagasse): used via cellulosic conversion (Fischer-Tropsch or biochemical) pathways.
(2) Corn grain: used via the Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) pathway, fermenting starch to ethanol then converting to jet fuel.
(3) Wastewater treatment sludge: used via gasification or anaerobic digestion routes; an emerging SAF feedstock.
(4) Wood mill waste: lignocellulosic biomass widely used via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
All are ICAO-recognised SAF feedstocks under the CORSIA framework.
Source: ICAO CORSIA Eligible Fuels / Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas SAF policy 2023.
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