When the economy is below full employment, real GDP is described as:

1. Unemployment and output move together across the cycle. 2. Below full employment, the unemployment rate exceeds the natural rate. 3. At the same time, real GDP is less than potential. 4. Idle workers mean output below what the economy could produce. _Source: OpenStax Principles of Macroeconomics for AP Courses 2e (CC BY 4.0), Ch 7 'Unemployment'_