With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements: 1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials. 2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment. 3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Answer: D. All three statements about PFAS are correct. PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a family of synthetic chemicals used in non-stick cookware, water-repellent fabrics, firefighting foams and food packaging. (1) PFAS are widespread in drinking water, food, and food packaging materials — confirmed by US EPA, WHO, and Indian CPCB monitoring. CORRECT. (2) PFAS are 'forever chemicals' — their C-F bonds make them extremely persistent and not easily degraded in nature. CORRECT. (3) Persistent exposure causes bioaccumulation in animal tissues; PFAS have been detected in blood serum of humans and wildlife globally. CORRECT. All three statements are correct, hence D. Source: US EPA + WHO PFAS factsheets + CPCB India.