alleryStart learning →A small p-value counts as evidence against the null because it says the observed result would be:
ACertain if the null were true
BImpossible under any hypothesis
CEqually likely either way
DUnlikely if the null were true
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Unlikely if the null were true
1. The p-value is computed assuming the null hypothesis holds.
2. Use the sample data to calculate the actual probability of getting the test result, called the p-value.
3. If that probability is very small, the data are hard to explain under the null.
4. In one worked case the calculator returns a p-value of 0.0187, which is under a 2.5 percent level.
5. A large p-value would mean the result is unremarkable under the null.
_Source: OpenStax Introductory Statistics 2e (CC BY 4.0), Ch 9 'Hypothesis Testing with One Sample', sections 9.1-9.6_
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