Eukaryotic cells physically separate transcription and translation into two compartments. Where does each process occur?
ATranscription occurs in the cytoplasm and translation occurs in the nucleus
BTranscription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
CBoth transcription and translation occur only in the nucleus
DBoth transcription and translation occur only in the cytoplasm
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
1. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is contained inside the nucleus, where it is transcribed into RNA.
2. The newly synthesized RNA is transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate it into protein.
3. Transcription occurs only within the nucleus, and translation occurs only outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
4. Swapping the two locations, or placing both processes in only one compartment, contradicts this physical separation described for eukaryotic cells.
_Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 16 "Gene Expression", section 16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression_
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