Can the entropy of one part of the universe, such as a system built by doing work, ever decrease?
ANo, entropy can never decrease anywhere
BYes, if total entropy still rises overall
CYes, but only near absolute zero
DNo, only heat engines are exempt here
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Yes, if total entropy still rises overall
1. The second law applies to the total entropy of an isolated system or the universe as a whole, not to every small part individually.
2. A local decrease in entropy is possible if the surrounding environment's entropy increases by a larger amount.
3. Building a bridge from raw iron ore is given as an example of a local entropy decrease paid for by a larger environmental increase.
4. So saying entropy can never decrease anywhere is too strong a claim.
5. Absolute zero and heat engines are not the conditions described for this exception.
6. So a local decrease balanced by a larger environmental increase is correct.
_Source: OpenStax Physics (CC BY 4.0), Ch 12 "Thermodynamics", section 12.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy_
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