What happens to an enzyme when temperature or pH moves far outside its optimal range?

1. Increasing or decreasing temperature outside an optimal range affects chemical bonds within the active site so it binds substrates less well. 2. High temperatures will eventually cause enzymes to denature, a process that changes the natural properties of a substance. 3. The pH of the local environment acts the same way, because active site residues have their own acidic or basic properties. 4. Extreme pH values, acidic or basic, can likewise cause enzymes to denature. _Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Metabolism", section 6.5 Enzymes_