During ATP hydrolysis at the sodium-potassium pump, what becomes of the gamma phosphate?
AIt floats away into the surrounding cytoplasm
BIt is broken down into inorganic ions
CIt is reattached to the alpha phosphate
DIt is transferred onto the pump protein
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. It is transferred onto the pump protein
1. Turning one cycle of the pump, which exports three sodium ions and imports two potassium ions, requires one molecule of ATP to be hydrolysed.
2. When ATP is hydrolysed, its gamma phosphate does not simply float away, it is transferred onto the pump protein.
3. This process of a phosphate group binding to a molecule is called phosphorylation.
4. In its phosphorylated state the pump has more free energy and is triggered to undergo a conformational change.
5. That change lets it release sodium outside, and the later detachment of the phosphate lets it release potassium inside.
6. Breaking the phosphate into ions would destroy the group that carries the energy to the pump.
_Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Metabolism", section 6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate_
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