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Of 100 hikers, 45 are female, 25 prefer mountain peaks and 11 are both. What is the probability of being female or preferring mountain peaks?
AIt is 70/100
BIt is 34/100
CIt is 59/100
DIt is 81/100
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. It is 59/100
1. The addition rule adds the two counts and removes the shared cell.
2. The female total is 45 hikers and the mountain peak total is 25 hikers.
3. Eleven hikers are female and prefer mountain peaks.
4. So the union is 45 plus 25 minus 11, which is 59 hikers.
5. Dividing by the 100 hikers gives 59/100.
6. Answering 70/100 adds the two totals without removing the 11 counted twice.
_Source: OpenStax Introductory Business Statistics (CC BY 4.0), Ch 3 "Probability Topics", section 3.4 Contingency Tables and Probability Trees_
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