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Of 755 drivers, 450 do not use a phone and 405 of those had no violation. What is the probability of no violation given no phone use?
AIt is 405/685
BIt is 450/755
CIt is 405/450
DIt is 280/305
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. It is 405/450
1. The condition is not using a phone, so the sample space shrinks to those 450 drivers.
2. Of those 450, exactly 405 had no violation in the last year.
3. The conditional probability is therefore 405/450.
4. Using 685 as the denominator conditions on having no violation instead, which reverses the question.
_Source: OpenStax Introductory Business Statistics (CC BY 4.0), Ch 3 "Probability Topics", section 3.4 Contingency Tables and Probability Trees_
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