Which covering lies directly against the kidney surface, deep to the fat that cushions it?

1. Three wrappings surround the kidney, and their order matters. 2. Innermost, directly on the organ, is a fibrous capsule of dense irregular connective tissue that holds its shape. 3. Outside that lies the renal fat pad of adipose tissue, which absorbs shock. 4. Outside the fat lies the tough renal fascia, which with the overlying peritoneum anchors the kidney to the posterior abdominal wall. 5. The peritoneum is the outermost of these and never lies against the kidney surface itself. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 25 "The Urinary System", section 25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney_