Besides sexual contact, hepatitis B and HIV can also spread through

1. Two of the sexually transmitted infections have additional routes of spread. 2. Hepatitis B and HIV can be transmitted by sharing injection needles or surgical instruments. 3. Transfusion of blood and passage from an infected mother to the foetus are also routes. 4. This is why needle and instrument safety is a nursing responsibility, not only a laboratory one. _Source: syllabus Biology Ch3 'Reproductive Health', section 3.4_