Newton's universal law of gravitation gives the force between two masses m₁ and m₂ separated by distance r as
A{'text': 'F = G m₁ m₂ / r²', 'label': 'A'}
B{'text': 'F = G m₁ m₂ / r', 'label': 'B'}
C{'text': 'F = G m₁ m₂ × r', 'label': 'C'}
D{'text': 'F = G m₁ m₂ × r²', 'label': 'D'}
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. {'text': 'F = G m₁ m₂ / r²', 'label': 'A'}
1. Every particle attracts every other with a gravitational force.
2. F = G m₁ m₂ / r² where G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻².
3. Force acts along the line joining the two particles, attractive only.
4. Inverse square in distance — same functional form as Coulomb's electric force.
_Source: NCERT Class 11 Physics, Ch 7 "Gravitation", §7.2_
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