Which of the following classes of Fundamental Rights can be claimed against both the State and private individuals?
A{'text': 'Right to move freely (Article 19(1)(d))', 'label': 'A'}
B{'text': 'Right against Untouchability (Article 17)', 'label': 'B'}
C{'text': 'Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32)', 'label': 'C'}
D{'text': 'Right to hold public office (Article 16)', 'label': 'D'}
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. {'text': 'Right against Untouchability (Article 17)', 'label': 'B'}
1. Most Fundamental Rights operate vertically, i.e. only against the State (Article 12 definition).
2. Article 17 (Untouchability) applies horizontally as well and binds private parties.
3. Article 15(2) and Article 23 similarly apply against non-State actors in specific matters.
4. Article 19 freedoms and Article 32 remedies are enforceable only against the State.
_Source: Constitution of India (as on May 2022), Part III, Art. 17_
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