'PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION' (PIL) is a UNIQUE FEATURE of INDIAN constitutional law:

1. PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION (PIL) in India has unique features: 2. (i) ORIGIN — late 1970s-80s by Justices V.R. Krishna Iyer and P.N. Bhagwati; 3. (ii) RELAXING LOCUS STANDI — public-spirited persons can petition on behalf of marginalised; 4. (iii) S.P. Gupta v UoI (1981) (Judges Transfer Case) — first formal articulation; 5. (iv) PUDR v UoI (1982) (Asiad Workers Case) — Bhagwati J.: courts must reach out to the oppressed; 6. (v) EPISTOLARY JURISDICTION — letters and postcards treated as PILs (Sunil Batra II, 1980); 7. (vi) JUDICIAL COMMITTEES — appointed for fact-finding; 8. (vii) CONTINUING MANDAMUS — ongoing supervisory orders. 9. CRITICISMS: PIL abuse for personal/political/publicity ends; judicial overreach. 10. State of Uttaranchal v. Balwant Singh Chaufal (2010) — Supreme Court laid down guidelines for filtering PIL. 11. Hence option B is correct. _Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Indian Public Interest Litigation (PIL) doctrine; S.P. Gupta v UoI (1981); PUDR v UoI (1982)_