RAWLS' 'A THEORY OF JUSTICE' (1971) propounds:

1. JOHN RAWLS (1921-2002), Harvard, transformed political philosophy with 'A Theory of Justice' (1971). 2. JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS thought experiment: ORIGINAL POSITION behind a VEIL OF IGNORANCE — choosing principles of justice without knowing your race, class, sex, ability, etc. 3. TWO PRINCIPLES (lexically ordered): 4. (i) MAXIMUM EQUAL LIBERTY for all citizens; 5. (ii) DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE: social and economic inequalities permitted only if (a) they benefit the LEAST ADVANTAGED, AND (b) attached to positions OPEN to all under fair equality of opportunity. 6. CRITIQUES: Robert Nozick (libertarian, 'Anarchy, State, Utopia' 1974); Michael Sandel and communitarians; G.A. Cohen (egalitarian critique). 7. Rawls revised in 'Political Liberalism' (1993) — POLITICAL conception of justice, not metaphysical. 8. INFLUENCE: liberal political theory, constitutional law theory. 9. Hence option B is correct. _Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — John Rawls, 'A Theory of Justice' (1971); 'Political Liberalism' (1993)_