'CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES' (CLS) movement, emerging in the 1970s-80s in the US, argued that:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B.
1. CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES (CLS) emerged in the late 1970s in American law schools, growing from American Legal Realism.
2. KEY ARGUMENTS:
3. (i) LAW IS INDETERMINATE — legal rules can support multiple outcomes; the 'right answer' is a myth;
4. (ii) LAW REFLECTS POWER RELATIONS — perpetuates existing hierarchies of class, race, gender;
5. (iii) LAW IS IDEOLOGY — claims of neutrality and objectivity disguise political choices;
6. (iv) METHOD OF 'TRASHING' — exposing the indeterminacy and contradictions in legal doctrine.
7. KEY THINKERS:
8. (i) Roberto Mangabeira Unger — 'Knowledge and Politics' (1975), 'The Critical Legal Studies Movement' (1986);
9. (ii) Duncan Kennedy — 'Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication' (1976);
10. (iii) Mark Tushnet, Mark Kelman, Catharine MacKinnon (feminist contributions).
11. CLS led to: Critical Race Theory (CRT), Feminist Legal Theory (FLT), LatCrit, Queer Legal Studies.
12. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Critical Legal Studies (CLS) movement; Roberto Mangabeira Unger; Duncan Kennedy; Mark Tushnet_
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