In legal research, 'EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES' (ELS) uses:

Question

Accepted Answer

C. QUANTITATIVE methods (statistics, regression, content analysis) AND/OR QUALITATIVE methods (interviews, focus groups, ethnography) to study legal phenomena empirically — what law actually does, who is affected, how it operates

1. EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES (ELS) is a methodological movement that emerged in the late 1990s-early 2000s in the US.
2. METHODOLOGIES:
3. (i) QUANTITATIVE: statistical analysis of large datasets — case outcomes, voting patterns, legislative behaviour, contracting patterns; econometrics, regression, content analysis;
4. (ii) QUALITATIVE: interviews, focus groups, ethnography, case studies of institutions;
5. (iii) EXPERIMENTAL: behavioural studies, simulations, vignette studies of decision-making.
6. JOURNALS: Journal of Empirical Legal Studies (since 2004), Journal of Legal Studies.
7. CONFERENCES: Conference on Empirical Legal Studies (CELS) annual event.
8. KEY SCHOLARS: Theodore Eisenberg, Roger Park, Gillian Hadfield.
9. INDIA: still nascent; institutions like Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, Centre for Civil Society, Centre for Policy Research conduct empirical legal research.
10. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement_

Answer

only doctrinal methods (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement)

Answer

only philosophical methods (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement)

Answer

only historical methods (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement) (cf. Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) movement)