LEGAL REALIST scholars (e.g. JEROME FRANK, KARL LLEWELLYN, OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES JR.) argued that:

1. AMERICAN LEGAL REALISM (1920s-1940s) was a movement of legal academics and judges challenging the FORMALIST view of law. 2. KEY THINKERS: 3. (i) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. — 'The Path of the Law' (1897): 'The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact... are what I mean by the law.' 4. (ii) JEROME FRANK — 'Law and the Modern Mind' (1930): emphasised judges' psychology and 'hunches' in decision-making. 5. (iii) Karl LLEWELLYN — 'The Bramble Bush' (1930): legal rules are indeterminate; canons of construction come in conflicting pairs. 6. (iv) Roscoe POUND — 'sociological jurisprudence' and 'social engineering'. 7. KEY ARGUMENTS: 8. (a) LAW IN PRACTICE differs from LAW IN BOOKS; 9. (b) JUDGES' DECISIONS are influenced by EXTRA-LEGAL factors; 10. (c) LEGAL RULES are INDETERMINATE; 11. (d) PREDICTING court behaviour is more useful than abstract rules. 12. INFLUENCE: led to Critical Legal Studies (CLS), Empirical Legal Studies, Law and Economics movements. 13. Hence option B is correct. _Source: Legal Research Methodology + Jurisprudence — American Legal Realism movement (1920s-1940s); Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., 'The Path of the Law' (1897); Jerome Frank, 'Law and the Modern Mind' (1930); Karl Llewellyn, 'The Bramble Bush' (1930)_