Removal of the top layer of soil through deforestation EVENTUALLY leads to:
AExposure of lower hard rocky layers with less humus, falling fertility, and eventually desertification
BPermanent improvement of crop yields
CStrengthening of the water cycle
DIncrease in soil fertility
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. Exposure of lower hard rocky layers with less humus, falling fertility, and eventually desertification
Tree roots hold the topsoil — the layer richest in humus and minerals. Once removed, the underlying rocky/clay layer is exposed; it cannot hold water or sustain plants. Repeated cycles of erosion and exposure gradually convert fertile soil to bare dryland — the process of desertification. Reforestation can reverse early-stage desertification.
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