Under Section 300 IPC, culpable homicide is MURDER if the act is done with intention of causing death, OR with intention of causing such bodily injury as the offender knows to be likely to cause death, OR with intention of causing bodily injury sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, OR with knowledge of:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. Section 300 IPC enumerates FOUR mental-state clauses converting culpable homicide into murder: clauses (1) and (2) (intent to cause death / intent + knowledge that injury is likely to cause death); clause (3) (intent to cause bodily injury sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death — Virsa Singh test); clause (4) (knowledge that the act is so imminently dangerous that it must in all probability cause death or such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, and the offender commits it without any excuse for incurring the risk).
2. Clause (4) is illustrated by firing into a crowd: knowledge of imminent likely fatal danger, without excuse.
3. Virsa Singh laid the four-step test for clause (3); a single intentional injury sufficient in the ordinary course of nature is murder.
4. Mere possibility of harm is not enough; imminent probability is required.
5. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: Indian Penal Code 1860 / Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 / Indian Evidence Act 1872 (Bare Acts, indiacode.nic.in) — IPC, Section 300 (fourth clause); Virsa Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1958 SC 465_
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