Section 52 IPC defines 'good faith' as:
Aany act done with reasonable care and the absence of malicious intent at the time (cf. IPC, Section 52)
Ban act done in genuine subjective belief, however unreasonable, that the act is right (cf. IPC, Section 52)
Cnothing is said to be done or believed in 'good faith' which is done or believed without due care and attention
Dany act backed by a written legal opinion, regardless of the care exercised by the actor (cf. IPC, Section 52)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. nothing is said to be done or believed in 'good faith' which is done or believed without due care and attention
1. Section 52 IPC provides: 'Nothing is said to be done or believed in good faith which is done or believed without due care and attention.'
2. The IPC definition of 'good faith' thus has an OBJECTIVE 'due care and attention' standard, NOT a purely subjective bona fide standard.
3. This is stricter than the General Clauses Act, Section 3(22), which defines 'good faith' purely subjectively (honest belief).
4. Hence in the IPC context an honest but careless act is NOT in 'good faith'.
5. Hence option C is correct.
_Source: Indian Penal Code 1860 / Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 / Indian Evidence Act 1872 (Bare Acts, indiacode.nic.in) — IPC, Section 52_
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