Which statement correctly contrasts positive and negative reinforcement?
ABoth positive and negative add an aversive stimulus to suppress a response
BPositive adds an unpleasant stimulus, negative removes a pleasant consequence
CPositive adds a pleasant consequence, negative removes an unpleasant stimulus
DBoth positive and negative remove a pleasant consequence to suppress a response
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Positive adds a pleasant consequence, negative removes an unpleasant stimulus
1. The chapter divides reinforcement into positive and negative.
2. Positive reinforcement involves stimuli with pleasant consequences such as food, water, praise, money.
3. Negative reinforcement involves unpleasant stimuli that an organism gets rid of or avoids.
4. Negative reinforcement leads to avoidance and escape responses, like wearing seat belts.
5. Distractor 2 swaps the two definitions; distractors 3 and 4 confuse them with punishment.
6. Hence positive adds a pleasant consequence while negative removes an unpleasant one.
_Source: NCERT Class 11 Psychology Ch 5 "Learning", p. 82, Determinants of Operant Conditioning_
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