What does Box 5.2 describe as learned helplessness and which researchers demonstrated it?
AGiving up after a single rewarded trial, demonstrated by Pavlov on dogs
BGiving up after inescapable shock, demonstrated by Seligman and Maier on dogs
CGiving up immediately on entering a Skinner box, demonstrated by Skinner
DGiving up on a maze layout, demonstrated by Tolman on his rats
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Giving up after inescapable shock, demonstrated by Seligman and Maier on dogs
1. Box 5.2 describes the learned helplessness phenomenon as arising from interaction between conditioning forms.
2. It credits the demonstration to Seligman and Maier in a study on dogs.
3. Dogs were first given inescapable shock paired with a sound in classical conditioning.
4. Later dogs were placed in an operant condition where they could now escape shock.
5. The dogs failed to escape and just suffered the shock through.
6. Hence learned helplessness comes from Seligman and Maier's inescapable-shock dog studies.
_Source: NCERT Class 11 Psychology Ch 5 "Learning", p. 84, Box 5.2 Learned Helplessness_
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