What did Tolman conclude that his unrewarded maze rats had developed during exploration?
AA purely reflexive set of stimulus-response habits to walls
BA cognitive map of the spatial layout of the maze
CA classically conditioned fear of every blind alley in the maze
DA completely empty memory store with no maze representation
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. A cognitive map of the spatial layout of the maze
1. Tolman's unrewarded rats showed no apparent learning while exploring.
2. But once reinforcement was provided, they navigated the maze as efficiently as rewarded rats.
3. Tolman concluded the unrewarded rats had been learning the layout all along.
4. He proposed they had developed a cognitive map of the maze.
5. A cognitive map is a mental representation of spatial locations and directions.
6. Hence Tolman's interpretation invoked the construct of a cognitive map.
_Source: NCERT Class 11 Psychology Ch 5 "Learning", p. 87, Latent Learning_
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