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Which contrast between bottom-up and top-down processing is correct?
ABoth bottom-up and top-down begin only with the perceiver's stored expectations
BBottom-up begins with whole and identifies parts, top-down begins with parts and builds wholes
CBottom-up begins with parts and builds wholes, top-down begins with whole and identifies parts
DBoth bottom-up and top-down begin only with raw sensory features of the stimulus
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Bottom-up begins with parts and builds wholes, top-down begins with whole and identifies parts
1. The chapter defines bottom-up processing as recognition that begins from the parts.
2. The parts then serve as the basis for the recognition of the whole.
3. Top-down processing is defined as recognition that begins from the whole and leads to identification of components.
4. Distractor 2 swaps the two definitions. Distractors 3 and 4 ignore the parts-versus-whole contrast.
5. Hence the correct contrast is parts to whole for bottom-up and whole to parts for top-down.
_Source: NCERT Class 11 Psychology Ch 4 "Sensory, Attentional and Perceptual Processes", p. 67, Processing Approaches in Perception_
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