"New Public Management" (NPM) emphasizes:
Amarket principles in administration
Bexpanding bureaucracy
Ccentralization
Dpermanent tenure
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. market principles in administration
1. NPM emerged in 1980s (Thatcher, Reagan).
2. Borrows business management principles for public sector.
3. Privatization, performance metrics, customer orientation.
__Source: NCERT Class 11 Political Theory — modern administrative reforms__