Home › CMA Foundation › businesslaws › Essential Elements of a Contract › Which of the following is NOT an essential eleme…
Which of the following is NOT an essential element of a valid contract per ICA 1872?
AFree consent
BWitnessed signature by a notary
CCompetent parties
DLawful consideration
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Witnessed signature by a notary
1. Sec 10 essentials per OCR: agreement, free consent, lawful consideration, competent parties, legal object, legal relationship, certainty.
2. Notary witnessing is NOT in the Sec 10 list.
3. Hence (D) is not an essential.
_Source: ICMAI BoS CMA Foundation Paper 1 (FBLC) — Paper1_07042026.pdf, Module 2 §2.1 (page 51)_