Proto-industrialisation refers to:
ADecentralised cottage manufacturing before the factory era
BModern factory production
CMass production assembly lines (typical)
DComputer-based manufacturing
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. Decentralised cottage manufacturing before the factory era
1. NCERT distinguishes pre-factory production from factory production.
2. Proto-industrialisation was the early phase of industrialisation — production carried out by merchants supplying advances to peasant households across the countryside.
3. It pre-dated and co-existed with early factories.
_Source: NCERT Class 10 History India and the Contemporary World - II, Ch 4 "The Age of Industrialisation", §Proto-Industrialisation ¶1_
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