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Which of these conditions BEST defines 'water scarcity' as discussed in the chapter?
ATotal absence of rainfall over a year
BBad-quality water making it hazardous despite availability
CDrought conditions restricted to desert regions only
DAn equal distribution of water across all social groups
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Bad-quality water making it hazardous despite availability
1. NCERT explains that water scarcity can occur even when water is sufficiently available.
2. The chapter explicitly states scarcity may be due to bad quality of water — polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilisers.
3. Equal distribution would prevent scarcity, not cause it; rainfall and desert location are partial factors, not full definitions.
_Source: NCERT Class 10 Geography Contemporary India - II, Ch 3 "Water Resources", §Water Scarcity ¶9_
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