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A pencil partially dipped in water appears bent at the surface. This is due to:
AReflection inside the water
BRefraction of light at the air-water interface
CDispersion of light by the water (option)
DDiffraction around the pencil
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Refraction of light at the air-water interface
1. Light from the submerged part bends as it leaves the water.
2. Our brain assumes light travels in straight lines and traces the apparent position to a shifted location.
3. The mismatch between true and apparent positions makes the pencil look bent.
_Source: NCERT Class 10 Science, Ch 9 "Light Reflection and Refraction", §9.3_
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