The Ilbert Bill controversy, which arose during the British period, related to the concept of:

1. The Ilbert Bill (1883) proposed allowing Indian judges to try Europeans in criminal cases. 2. European residents opposed it, sparking a debate over equality before the law in courts. 3. The core issue was therefore judicial equality between Indians and Europeans. _Source: RRB Group D (RRC) PYQ, held 27-10-2013, Q.5._