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A VPN (Virtual Private Network) primarily provides
Afree Wi-Fi at airport terminals
Bcensorship of certain websites
Cfaster downloads always for users
Dencrypted tunnel over an untrusted net
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. encrypted tunnel over an untrusted net
1. VPN: creates an encrypted tunnel between two endpoints (client-to-site or site-to-site).
2. PROVIDES:
• CONFIDENTIALITY: traffic is encrypted in transit.
• AUTHENTICATION: both endpoints prove identity.
• INTEGRITY: detects tampering.
3. USE CASES: secure remote access, bypassing geo-restrictions, hiding traffic from local network (e.g. public Wi-Fi).
4. PROTOCOLS: IPsec, OpenVPN, WireGuard (modern, minimal codebase), L2TP+IPsec.
5. CAVEAT: a VPN only shifts trust to the VPN provider — they can see decrypted endpoints. Use it for what it protects against, not as a privacy panacea.
_Source: RFC 4301 (IPsec architecture) + general NIST guidance._
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