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ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to
Atranslate domain names to IP addresses
Btranslate IP addresses to MAC (Ethernet) addresses
Cestablish a TCP connection
Dencrypt traffic
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. translate IP addresses to MAC (Ethernet) addresses
1. RFC 1180 §4 explains ARP: when host A wants to send to IP B on the same LAN, it needs B's HARDWARE (MAC/Ethernet) address.
2. ARP request: A broadcasts 'who has IP $X$?' to all on the LAN.
3. ARP reply: host $X$ responds with its MAC.
4. The mapping is cached in the ARP table for efficiency.
5. Option A describes DNS, not ARP. Option C is the 3-way handshake. Option D is unrelated.
_Source: RFC 1180 "A TCP/IP Tutorial", §4 (ARP)._
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