Home › Bihar Board Class 12 (Science) › Chemistry › Chemical Kinetics › Half-life of a first-order reaction is:
Half-life of a first-order reaction is:
A0.693/k
Bk/0.693
C2k
D[A]₀/2k
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. 0.693/k
To find the half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of a first-order reaction, we use the integrated rate law for first-order kinetics:
$$k = \frac{2.303}{t} \log \frac{[A]_0}{[A]}$$
Where:
- $k$ is the rate constant.
- $[A]_0$ is the initial concentration.
- $[A]$ is the concentration at time $t$.
By definition, at the half-life ($t = t_{1/2}$), the concentration of the reactant is half of its initial value:
$$[A] = \frac{[A]_0}{2}$$
Substituting this into the equation:
$$k = \frac{2.303}{t_{1/2}} \log \frac{[A]_0}{[A]_0/2}$$
$$k = \frac{2.303}{t_{1/2}} \log(2)$$
Since $\log(2) \approx 0.3010$, we calculate:
$$k = \frac{2.303 \times 0.3010}{t_{1/2}}$$
$$k = \frac{0.693}{t_{1/2}}$$
Rearranging for $t_{1/2}$:
$$t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k}$$
Thus, the half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of the initial concentration and is equal to $0.693/k$.
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