Similarities in proteins and genes performing a given function across diverse organisms primarily indicate, per the NCERT chapter, that the organisms share:
A{'text': 'A history of horizontal gene transfer between unrelated species', 'label': 'A'}
B{'text': 'Common ancestry, comparable to that revealed by structural homology', 'label': 'B'}
C{'text': 'Random retention of ancient mutations preserved by genetic drift', 'label': 'C'}
D{'text': 'Convergent evolution of identical sequences in unrelated lineages', 'label': 'D'}
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. {'text': 'Common ancestry, comparable to that revealed by structural homology', 'label': 'B'}
The chapter states that similarities in proteins and genes performing a given function among diverse organisms give clues to common ancestry, and that these biochemical similarities point to the same shared ancestry as structural similarities do.
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