Which option best contrasts homology and analogy as drawn in the NCERT chapter?
A{'text': 'Both kinds of structures arise by a recent common ancestor but differ in their adult function', 'label': 'A'}
B{'text': 'Both kinds of structures arise by convergent evolution but differ in their internal anatomical detail', 'label': 'B'}
C{'text': 'Homology arises by convergent evolution from similar selection, analogy arises by divergent descent', 'label': 'C'}
D{'text': 'Homology arises by divergent descent from a common ancestor, analogy arises by convergent evolution', 'label': 'D'}
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. {'text': 'Homology arises by divergent descent from a common ancestor, analogy arises by convergent evolution', 'label': 'D'}
Homologous structures share a common anatomical plan inherited from a shared ancestor and diverge in function over time (divergent evolution from common ancestry). Analogous structures share function but not anatomical origin and are shaped by similar selective pressures in different lineages (convergent evolution).
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