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Blackman's law of limiting factors says that
Aevery factor must be at maximum simultaneously
Bdoubling any one factor doubles the rate regardless of others
Cplants ignore CO₂ if temperature is below freezing
Dthe rate is set by whichever factor is in shortest supply
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. the rate is set by whichever factor is in shortest supply
Blackman (1905) formalised the bottleneck principle: a multi-input process runs at the rate of its slowest-supplied input. Doubling other inputs has no effect until the limiting factor changes. Once you increase the limiting one, the new limit shifts to whichever is now the bottleneck.
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