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Per Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is driven by
Adirect reduction of NADP⁺ by chlorophyll
Ban H⁺ gradient driving ATP synthase
Cabsorption of red light by P700 alone
Dsplitting glucose into pyruvate
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. an H⁺ gradient driving ATP synthase
Mitchell's idea: as the ETC pumps H⁺ into the thylakoid lumen, a proton gradient builds. When H⁺ flows back through ATP synthase, the enzyme uses that energy to phosphorylate ADP. The same mechanism drives mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
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