Per Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, ATP synthesis in chloroplasts …

Question

Per Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is driven by

Accepted Answer

B. an H⁺ gradient driving ATP synthase

**Mitchell's idea:** as the ETC pumps H⁺ into the thylakoid lumen, a proton gradient builds.
When H⁺ flows back through ATP synthase, the enzyme uses that energy to phosphorylate ADP.
The same mechanism drives mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Answer

direct reduction of NADP⁺ by chlorophyll

Answer

absorption of red light by P700 alone

Answer

splitting glucose into pyruvate

Per Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is driven by

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