For an intrinsic semiconductor at thermal equilibrium, the relation between electron concentration n and hole concentration p is which?
An - p = NA - ND in intrinsic case only
Bn + p = 0 always at thermal equilibrium
Cn = p = ni intrinsic carrier concentration
Dn·p = 0 at room temperature always
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. n = p = ni intrinsic carrier concentration
Intrinsic (undoped) silicon: equal electron-hole pairs from thermal generation; n = p = ni ≈ 1.5×10¹⁰ /cm³ at 300 K. Mass-action: n·p = ni² always.
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