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Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction (in its quantitative form, with sign) is:
A$e = \phi / t$
B$e = \phi \cdot dt$
C$e = -d\phi/dt$
D$e = +d\phi/dt$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. $e = -d\phi/dt$
The induced EMF equals the **negative** rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit: $e = -d\phi/dt$. The minus sign embeds Lenz's law — direction of induced EMF opposes the flux change.
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