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Per NCERT §8.7.7, the NEGATIVE RESONANCE effect (-R) transfers electrons in which direction?
ATowards substituent from ring
BAway from substituent into ring
CAlong σ-bonds only
DInto the σ skeleton
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. Towards substituent from ring
NCERT §8.7.7(ii): -R substituent (e.g. -NO₂, -COOH, >C=O) withdraws π electrons from the ring.
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