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The proton gradient for oxidative phosphorylation is established by
APumping Na+ from matrix to intermembrane space
BPumping H+ from matrix to intermembrane space
CPumping H+ from intermembrane space to matrix
DPumping K+ from matrix to intermembrane space
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Pumping H+ from matrix to intermembrane space
ETS Complexes I, III and IV pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a proton-motive force (electrical + chemical). ATP synthase then allows H+ to flow back into the matrix, coupling to ATP synthesis.
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