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Per NCERT §5.6, a SPONTANEOUS process is best defined as which of the following?
AA process that requires a catalyst
BOnly an exothermic process
CA process that happens instantly
DAn irreversible process that has the potential to proceed without external assistance — may be reversed only by an external agency
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. An irreversible process that has the potential to proceed without external assistance — may be reversed only by an external agency
Per NCERT §5.6, spontaneous = irreversible + needs no external help; reverses only via external agency. Rate not implied (H₂+O₂ is spontaneous but slow).
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