The standard of proof in criminal cases under Indian law is
AClear and convincing evidence
BAbsolute mathematical certainty
CPreponderance of probabilities
DBeyond reasonable doubt
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Beyond reasonable doubt
Criminal cases require proof BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT, an Anglo-Indian inheritance. Civil cases require preponderance of probabilities. Standards lie on a continuum; the criminal standard reflects the asymmetry of erroneous conviction vs erroneous acquittal.
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