The 'collegium system' for appointment of higher judiciary in India arose from
AA Presidential Order
BRecommendations of the Sarkaria Commission
CA textual provision in the Constitution
DJudicial interpretation in the Three Judges Cases (1981, 1993, 1998), particularly Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v UoI (1993)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Judicial interpretation in the Three Judges Cases (1981, 1993, 1998), particularly Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v UoI (1993)
The collegium emerged from S P Gupta (1981), then Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record (1993) overruled S P Gupta, with the 1998 In re Presidential Reference settling the size (CJI + 4 seniormost). The 99th Amendment / NJAC was struck down in 2015 (Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record v UoI).
Related questions
Article 356 (President's Rule) was significantly restrained byThe 'Money Bill' certification by the Speaker is FINAL because ofArticle 368 prescribes the procedure for amending the Constitution. Amendments under ArticArticle 124 of the Constitution provides forThe Vice-President of India is the ex-officioThe Speaker of the Lok Sabha can be removed byArticles 5 to 11 of the Constitution deal withThe 'doctrine of basic structure' restricts