For a linear isotropic dielectric, the polarization $\vec P$ produced by an applied field $\vec E$ is:
A$\vec P = \chi_e \vec E^2$
B$\vec P = \chi_e^2 \vec E$
C$\vec P = \chi_e \vec E$
D$\vec P = \vec E / \chi_e$
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. $\vec P = \chi_e \vec E$
The induced dipole moment per unit volume is proportional to the applied field for linear isotropic media: $\vec P = \chi_e \vec E$, where $\chi_e$ is the electric susceptibility. For vacuum $\chi_e = 0$.
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